I was in Stanmore this morning handing out flyers for The Greens and yet again I had to
explain our preferential voting system to a number of people. These
aren't stupid, uneducated people, just people who have never learnt
how voting in Australia works.
Australia's lower house runs the voting system knows as instant
runoff, or more commonly in Australia known as preferential. It
works like this:
- The voter puts a number in every box, against every candidate,
showing their preference from 1 (candidate the voter would most like)
until all the boxes are filled in.
- When voting, the first preference (the ones) are sorted out for
each candidate and counted.
- If any candidate has a clear majority (>50%) they are declared
the winner, otherwise:
- The candidate with the least votes is removed from the running,
and his second preferences (2) are sorted out and added to the other
candidates' piles.
- This continues through all the preferences until there is a clear
winner.
Now if you hear the nonsense that "a vote for a minor party is a
wasted vote", what you're hearing about is other voting systems. In
much of Europe and the US, they use a single box vote -- you tick one
box and that's it. In that case, unless you vote for one of the top
two candidates, your vote is indeed wasted. However in Australia,
your vote continues until it ends up on one of the piles of the top
two candidates.
So let's say you live in an ordinary electorate, you can register
your true preference for the candidates of minor parties, but still
ensure that your preference between Labor and Coalition candidates is
expressed. So you can still vote for The Greens while still
contributing to getting rid of Howard. The candidate you put as your
first preference, assuming they get 4 percent of first preferences,
will receive funding from the Electoral Commission, so it's worth
giving the first vote to the party you really want.
Update: Raz writes in to
point out that the rounds of preference distribution only continue
until a candidate gets an absolute majority. That's correct, and I've
amended my description.
Raz also argues that the reason I gave to give your "1" vote is a
pretty bad reason. He suggests it puts voters' preferences on the
table and therefore:
- allows major parties (those who have a shot of ending up in
government) to adjust their policies to suit a wider range of
Australians
and/or
- allows momentum to build behind a new party when there's a sea-change
in voter sentiment.